Foot and mouth disease: facing the new dilemmas

G.R. Thomson (ed.)

Scientific and Technical Review, Volume 21 (3), December 2002

Few will forget the images of soiled cattle and sheep carcasses being mechanically manoeuvred into huge piles, bonfires billowing black smoke and enormous pits containing thousands of carcasses which resulted from the outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in the United Kingdom in 2001. The harrowing stories of the psychological and economic effects of the ‘stamping-out’ on rural communities added to the horror. What made it worse was the contention that it was all unnecessary. Vaccines, it was argued, could have been used to eradicate the disease more effectively without adverse environmental effects. On the other hand, the UK at that time was very concerned with maintaining access to international markets for its livestock and livestock products bearing in mind the insatiable and unsentimental search of world markets for cheaper and safer food.

The major question now is what can and should be done in the future to avoid this approach to controlling epizootic animal diseases which is unacceptable to the public?

This compendium of 42 papers, while not providing an explicit answer to this simple but multifaceted question, attempts to provide the reader with the facts on the various interacting issues and the answers that need to be found in improving the management of such situations in future. Because there are no simple solutions there are differing opinions which, to some extent at least, are reflected by the views of different authors.

Papers are devoted to the behaviour and impact of FMD in different regions of the world – one of the reasons why it presents a truly global problem, its economic effects in both the developed and developing worlds as well technical issues relating to the epidemiology and control of the disease. Environmental impacts of control measures, farming perspectives and animal welfare are also addressed.

This volume will be of value to veterinarians and other animal health professionals, particularly those involved in management of emergency animal diseases, agricultural economists, consumers, environmentalists involved in farming issues and those concerned with the impacts of animal disease on farmers and their livelihoods as well as the animals themselves.

ISBN 92-9044-568-8
ISSN 0253-1933
498 pp.
Format: 21 ¥ 29.7 cm
Price: €45 (postage included)
Ref.: R 21-3

Note: For article abstracts click on the author names

B. Vallat
Preface

G.R. Thomson
Introduction

Review of the world status and approaches to control and eradication

E. Correa Melo, V. Saraiva & V. Astudillo
Review of the status of foot and mouth disease in countries of South America and approaches to control and eradication

W. Vosloo, A.D.S. Bastos, O. Sangare, S.K. Hargreaves & G.R. Thomson
Review of the status and control of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa

H.A. Aidaros
Regional status and approaches to control and eradication of foot and mouth disease in the Middle East and North Africa

K. Sakamoto & K. Yoshida
Recent outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in countries of east Asia

L.J. Gleeson
A review of the status of foot and mouth disease in South-East Asia and approaches to control and eradication

Y. Leforban & G. Gerbier
Review of the status of foot and mouth disease and approach to control/eradication in Europe and Central Asia

Risk management of international trade

A. Torres, M.J. David & Q.P. Bowman
Risk management of international trade: emergency preparedness

Effect of infection

R.P. Kitching
Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: cattle

R.P. Kitching & G.J. Hughes
Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: sheep and goats

R.P. Kitching & S. Alexandersen
Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: pigs

P. Sutmoller & R. Casas Olascoaga
Unapparent foot and mouth disease infection (sub-clinical infections and carriers): implications for control

R.P. Kitching
Identification of foot and mouth disease virus carrier and subclinically infected animals and differentiation from vaccinated animals

Response to emergencies

Y. Leforban
How predictable were the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Europe in 2001 and is vaccination the answer?

R.S. Morris, R.L. Sanson, M.W. Stern, M. Stevenson & J.W. Wilesmith
Decision-support tools for foot and mouth disease control

A.I. Donaldson & S. Alexandersen
Predicting the spread of foot and mouth disease by airborne virus

Vaccines

S.J. Barteling
Development and performance of inactivated vaccines against foot and mouth disease

M.J. Grubman & P.W. Mason
Prospects, including time-frames, for improved foot and mouth disease vaccines

A.J. Forman & A.J.M. Garland
Foot and mouth disease: the future of vaccine banks

W. Schaftenaar
Use of vaccination against foot and mouth disease in zoo animals, endangered species and exceptionally valuable animals

Economic aspects

M.G. Garner, B.S. Fisher & J.G. Murray
Economic aspects of foot and mouth disease: perspectives of a free country, Australia

A.D. James & J. Rushton
The economics of foot and mouth disease

T.F. Randolph, B.D. Perry, C.C. Benigno, I.J. Santos, A.L. Agbayani, P. Coleman, R. Webb & L.J. Gleeson
The economic impact of foot and mouth disease control and eradication in the Philippines

B.D. Perry, L.J. Gleeson, S. Khounsey, P. Bounma & S.D. Blacksell
The dynamics and impact of foot and mouth disease in smallholder farming systems in South-East Asia: a case study in Laos

D. Thompson, P. Muriel, D. Russell, P. Osborne, A. Bromley, M. Rowland, S. Creigh-Tyte & C. Brown
Economic costs of the foot and mouth disease outbreak in the United Kingdom in 2001

Control

E. Correa Melo & A. López
Control of foot and mouth disease: the experience of the Americas

J.M. Scudamore & D.M. Harris
Control of foot and mouth disease: lessons from the experience of the outbreak in Great Britain in 2001

F.H. Pluimers, A.M. Akkerman, P. van der Wal, A. Dekker & A. Bianchi
Lessons from the foot and mouth disease outbreak in the Netherlands in 2001

I. Chmitelin & F. Moutou
Foot and mouth disease: lessons to be learned from the experience of France

J.A. Costelloe, M.C. Gaynor, S. Gaynor, W.J. McAteer & P.J. O’Reilly
Control of foot and mouth disease: lessons from the experience of Ireland

G.K. Brückner, W. Vosloo, B.J.A. Du Plessis, P.E.L.G. Kloeck, L. Connoway, M.D. Ekron, D.B. Weaver, C.J. Dickason, F.J. Schreuder, T. Marais & M.E. Mogajane
Foot and mouth disease: the experience of South Africa

M.M. Rweyemamu & V.M. Astudillo
Global perspective for foot and mouth disease control

Environmental impacts

J.M. Scudamore, G.M. Trevelyan, M.V. Tas, E.M. Varley & G.A.W. Hickman
Carcass disposal: lessons from Great Britain following the foot and mouth disease outbreaks of 2001

P.F. de Klerk
Carcass disposal: lessons from the Netherlands after the foot and mouth disease outbreak of 2001

K.C. Taylor
Environmental impacts of the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Great Britain in 2001: the use of risk analysis to manage the risks in the countryside

Farming perspective

M.-H. Cassagne
Managing compensation for economic losses in areas surrounding foot and mouth disease outbreaks: the response of France

S.C. Rossides
A farming perspective on the 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic in the United Kingdom

M.P. Cuijpers & K.J. Osinga
The position of the Dutch Farmers’ Union on lessons learned and future prevention and control of foot and mouth disease

R. O’Malley
Foot and mouth disease: the perspective of farmers in Ireland

Animal welfare perspective

C.J. Laurence
Animal welfare consequences in England and Wales of the 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease

J.M. Scudamore, D.G. Pritchard & G.M. Whitmore
Comments on the paper: ‘Animal welfare consequences in England and Wales of the 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease’

S.M. Crispin, P.A. Roger, H. O’Hare & S.H. Binns
The 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic in the United Kingdom: animal welfare perspectives

Future research

R.P. Kitching
Future research on foot and mouth disease

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